Goosebumps-Inspired Microgel Patterns with Switchable Adhesion and Friction

Abstract

A substrate mimicking the surface topography and temperature sensitivity of skin goosebumps is fabricated. Close-packed arrays of thermoresponsive microgel particles undergo topographical changes in response to temperature changes between 25 and 37 °C, resembling the goosebump structure that human skin develops in response to temperature changes or other circumstances. Specifically, positively charged poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC) brushes serve as an anchoring substrate for negatively charged poly(NIPAm-co-AA) microgels. The packing density and particle morphology can be tuned by brush layer thickness and pH of the microgel suspension. For brush layer thickness below 50 nm, particle monolayers are observed, with slightly flattened particle morphology at pH 3 and highly collapsed particles at pH above 7. Polymer brush films with thickness above 50 nm lead to the formation of particle multilayers. The temperature responsiveness of the monolayer assemblies allows reversible changes in the film morphology, which in turn affects underwater adhesion and friction at 25 and 37 °C. These results are promising for the design of new functional materials and may also serve as a model for biological structures and processes.